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Praedecessores nostros
''Praedecessores nostros'' was a papal encyclical written by Pope Pius IX on March 25, 1847 to address the crisis of the Great Irish Famine that occurred approximately between 1845 and 1850.〔Cormac O Grada, ''The Great Irish Famine'' (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 3. ISBN 0-521-55266-4〕 This event is known by many as the 19th century’s greatest natural disaster.〔Cormac O Grada, ''Ireland's Great Famine'' (Dublin: University College Dublin Press, 2006), 1, 7. ISBN 1-904558-58-5〕 Pope Pius IX was born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti on May 13, 1792 in Senigallia, Italy.〔Frank J. Coppa, ''Pope Pius IX: Crusader In A Secular Age'' (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1979), 11, 12. ISBN 0-8057-7727-X〕 He studied at the College of Volterra in Tuscany and was ordained as a priest in 1819.〔 Throughout the span of his life, Pope Pius IX served as the director of the Roman hospice of San Michele, Bishop of Imola, and Archbishop of Spoleto.〔 He was made a Cardinal (Catholicism) in 1840 and elected Pope in 1846. Several important events that occurred during the papacy of Pope Pius IX are the unification of Italy, the First Vatican Council, the defining of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, and 38 papal encyclicals.〔 ''Praedecessores nostros'' is one of the more significant papal decrees of the time because it addresses one of the most well known events in history. The Great Irish Famine was caused by the mysterious fungus, Phytophthora infestans.〔 The fact that the potato was the main food of over half the population of Ireland caused approximately one million people to die as a consequence.〔
==Encyclical Summary==
''Praedecessores nostros'' discussed several major points that involve the various factors that address the Great Irish Famine. The first point made by Pope Pius IX in the encyclical is the importance of recognizing the legacies of papal predecessors and their assistance of Christian nations in the past.〔Pope Pius IX, (''Praedecessores nostros'' ).〕 He then reflected on an earlier appeal to the Roman people and clergy for prayerful consideration of the plight of the Irish. He also reflected on the request he made for money to be collected in Rome to be sent to the Archbishops of Ireland so that it may be distributed amongst the poor and needy.〔 Pope Pius IX now continued by saying that the crisis was not yet over and that the Vatican was still receiving letters daily telling that the famine has worsened and more aid is necessary.〔 This led to the main reason for the encyclical, a request from the clergy for greater assistance. Pope Pius IX asked every diocese and district to proclaim three days of public prayer in churches and other holy sites.〔 The specific purpose of this prayer was to request that God end the Great Irish Famine and prevent it from happening elsewhere in Europe.〔 To encourage these prayers, an indulgence of seven years was to be granted to anyone present during the proceedings.〔 Also, a plenary indulgence was to be bestowed on anyone who attended the entire three days of prayer and received the sacraments (Catholic Church) of penance and Holy Eucharist within a week of doing so.〔 Pope Pius IX encouraged the people of the church to give alms because it was more important to look after Christ’s goods than those of man.〔 In addition to the recommended public prayers for Ireland, he requested that the clergy ask their congregations to beseech God for the whole church against the evils that plague its existence.〔 Pope Pius IX delivered his address of ''Praedecessores nostros'' in Rome at St. Mary Major Basilica on March 25, 1847.〔
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